Pewter has been an essential part of human civilisation since ancient times. It is a malleable metal alloy composed mainly of tin, small amounts of copper, antimony, and bismuth. Pewter was famous during the Middle Ages and in the early modern period. People used this metal for eating and drinking utensils, candlesticks, and decorative objects. However, over time, its popularity has diminished. In this article, we will explore the history of the pewter metal, its components, its development over time, and its usage in everyday life.
The Origins of Pewter and its Components
Pewter traced back to ancient Phoenicians, where it used to make urns and other decorative objects. Pliny the Elder, a Roman historian, also wrote about its usage as early as the 1st century AD. Pewter contains between 85% and 99% tin, with the remaining percentage being other metals. While antimony is used to harden the metal, copper is added to improve the metal’s strength. Bismuth, another common addition, makes pewter more resistant to tarnishing.

The Development of Pewter
In the Middle Ages, people used pewter to make church plates and chalices, added to the tableware and decorative objects. Wealthy households often commissioned silver objects, but as pewter was more affordable, the middle classes had access to it. Pewter drinking vessels were very popular, and it was common for people to have their own “personal” drinking tankards, which they would take to the local alehouse. In the 17th and 18th centuries, pewterers adapted their craft to create more ornate and elaborate pieces.

The Ups and Downs of Pewter
Pewter has had its ups and downs over the years. In the Middle Ages and the early modern period, pewter was essential to everyday life. However, as new materials became more accessible and affordable, their popularity declined. By the early 20th century, pewter’s use was increasingly limited to decorative objects. However, nowadays, many people still appreciate the metal’s charm and collect it for its unique beauty.

However, pewter’s popularity would be threatened, because as the Industrial Revolution progressed and newer materials, like plastics and stainless steel, became more widespread, the use of pewter gradually declined. By the early 20th century, it had virtually disappeared from everyday life.
Pewter Today

While Pewter may no longer be as popular as it was, it still has its place in modern society. Many still appreciate the warmth and “old-world” charm of pewter objects and continue to collect them. Pewter is a component in creating fashionable jewellery and is known to as “poor man’s silver” due to its affordability and versatility.
However, in terms of its evaluation, pewter is highly valued by collectors, but prices for old pieces are often lower than those of comparable antiques made of silver or gold. Nevertheless, some exceptional pieces from renowned pewter makers in the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries can fetch high prices.
In conclusion, while the popularity of pewter has ebbed and flowed over the years, it is still a significant part of human history. From its origins in ancient Pheonician to its widespread use in the Middle Ages and early modern period, pewter has evolved and adapted, playing a crucial role in daily life. Though it is no longer as prevalent as it once was, pewter’s unique beauty and charm continue to endure.